CURRICULUM VITAE
LEONARD J. SCHOPPA, JR.
Woodrow Wilson Department of Politics
Box 400787, The University of Virginia
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4787
tel (434) 924-3192; fax (434) 924-3359
e-mail: schoppa@virginia.edu

EDUCATION

• D. Phil in Politics - Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom (January 1989) -- Dissertation: "The Limits of Change in Japanese Policymaking: the Case of Education Reform, 1967-1987."
• BS - Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (May 1984) -- School of Foreign Service. Major: International Economics. Certificate in Asian Studies.

ACADEMIC CAREER

• The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (1990 - present) –Professor of Politics, beginning 2006; Associate Professor, 1996-2006; Assistant Professor, 1990-96.
• University of Tokyo and International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan (2000-2001) -- Visiting Fulbright Research Fellow at the University of Tokyo Institute of Social Science and the ICU Institute of Asian Cultural Studies.
• Keio University, Tokyo, Japan (1993 - 1994) -- Visiting Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Policy Management.

ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS

• The University of Virginia – Undergraduate Director (2006-present) – As Director, I oversee programs for students majoring in “Government” and “Foreign Affairs”, which graduated over 400 students in recent years.
• Semester at Sea (a UVa Study Abroad Program) – Academic Dean (for Fall 2008 Voyage) – As Dean I have hired 29 faculty members, approved 80 syllabi, and monitored the planning for about 150 field trips as we prepare for this round-the-world academic voyage.
• The University of Virginia - Director of the East Asia Center  (1997 - 2000) – As Director, I oversaw an interdisciplinary unit with an annual other than personnel budget of over $30,000, managed an MA program in Asian Studies, ran a speakers series, and did limited fund-raising.
• The University of Virginia - Director of the Department of Politics Midcareer Executive Program (1999 - 2000) – As Director, I managed a program that offered mid-career public servants the opportunity to take graduate courses in politics and public policy.  The position involved supervision of one part-time staff assistant and budget responsibility.

PUBLICATIONS

Books

• Race for the Exits: The Unraveling of Japan’s System of Social Protection (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006). The first chapter is available on-line by clicking here. Also available in Japanese translation.
• Social Contracts Under Stress: The Middle Classes of America, Europe, and Japan at the Turn of the Century (New York: Russell Sage, 2002)—co-edited with Olivier Zunz and Nobuhiro Hiwatari.
• Bargaining with Japan: What American Pressure Can and Cannot Do (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997).
• Education Reform in Japan: A Case of Immobilist Politics (London: Routledge, 1991). Also available in Japanese translation.

Articles

• “Demographics and the State,” in Florian Coulmas, et al, eds., The Demographic Challenge: A Handbook about Japan (Leiden: Brill, 2008), pp. 639-652.
• “You’re (Not) Having My Baby: Fertility and Feminism,” Current History 105: 689 (March 2006), pp. 112-120.
• “Race to the Bottom? Japanese Multinational Firms and the Future of the Lifetime Employment System,” Japan Focus (on-line journal), February 21, 2006.
• “Neoliberal Economic Policy Preferences of the ‘New Left’: Home-Grown or Anglo-American Import?” in Rikki Kersten and David Williams, eds., The Left in the Shaping of Japanese Democracy: Essays in Honour of J.A.A. Stockwin (London: Routledge, 2006), pp. 117-139.
• “Interaction Effects in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: Theory and Evidence from Germany, Japan, and Italy,” Comparative Political Studies 35:10 (December 2002), pp. 1027-1053 (with Karen Cox) .
• “Domestic Politics,” in Steven K. Vogel, ed., U.S.-Japan Relations in a Changing World (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 2002), pp. 94-124.
• “Globalization and the Squeeze on the Middle Class: Does Any Version of the Postwar Social Contract Meet the Challenge?” in Olivier Zunz, Leonard Schoppa, and Nobuhiro Hiwatari, eds., Social Contracts Under Stress: the Middle Classes of America, Europe, and Japan at the Turn of the Century (New York: Russell Sage, 2002), pp. 319-344.
• “Locating the LDP and Koizumi in Policy Space: A Party System Ripe for Realignment,” Social Science Japan 22 (December 2001), pp. 9-15.
• “Japan, The Reluctant Reformer,” Foreign Affairs (September/October 2001), pp. 76-90.
• “The Social Context in Coercive International Bargaining," International Organization 53:2 (Spring 1999), pp. 307-342.
• “Two Level Games and Bargaining Outcomes: Why Gaiatsu Succeeds in Japan in Some Cases and Not Others,” International Organization 47:3 (Summer 1993), pp. 353-386.
• “Zoku Power and L.D.P. Power: A Case Study of the Zoku Role in Education Policy,” Journal of Japanese Studies 17:1 (Winter 1991), pp. 79-106.
• “Education Reform in Japan: Goals and Results of the Recent Initiative,” in Edward Beauchamp, ed., Windows on Japanese Education (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991), pp. 51-75.

Reviews

• Book Review of Shirahase Sawako, Shoshi Korei Shakai no Mienai Kakusa (Invisible Inequalities in an Aging, Low Fertility Society) in the Social Science Japan Journal 11:1 (Summer 2008), pp. 178-180.
• Film Review of Campaign (Senkyo) in Asian Educational Media Service News and Reviews, Winter 2008, pp. 7-8.
• Book Review of Aurelia George Mulgan, Japan’s Interventionist State: The Role of the MAFF in the Journal of Japanese Studies 32:2 (Summer 2006), pp. 442-445.
• Book Review of Harold Fuess, Divorce in Japan: Family, Gender, and the State, 1600-2000 in the Law and Politics Book Review 14:10 (October 2004), pp. 776-779.
• Book Review of Christina Davis, Food Fights over Free Trade: How International Institutions Promote Agricultural Trade Liberalization in International Studies Review 6:3 (September 2004), pp. 457-459.
• Book Review of S. Javed Maswood, Japan in Crisis in the Journal of Japanese Studies 30:2 (Summer 2004), pp. 571-573.
• Book Review of Robert Aspinall, Teachers’ Unions and the Politics of Education in Japan in the Journal of Japanese Studies 29:1 (2003), pp. 113-116.
• Book Review of Tachibanaki Toshiaki, Nihon no Keizai Kakusa: Shotoku to Shisan kara Kangaeru in Social Science Japan Journal 4:1 (April 2001), pp. 143-146.
• Book Review of Frank Schwartz, Advice and Consent: The Politics of Consultation in Japan in the Journal of Japanese Studies 26:1 (Winter 2000), pp. 279-283.
• Book Review of Gerald Curtis, The Logic of Japanese Politics; and T.J. Pempel, Regime Shift in the American Political Science Review 94:3 (September 2000), pp. 735-737.
• Book Review of Richard Katz, Japan: The System That Soured in Japan Quarterly (January-March 1999), pp. 90-92.
• Book Review of Masaaki Kotabe and Kent Wheiler, Anticompetitive Practices in Japan in The Journal of Asian Studies 57:4 (November 1998).
• Book Review of Masaru Kohno, Japan's Postwar Party Politics in the Canadian Journal of Political Science (1998).
• Long Book Review of Scott Callon, Divided Sun; Brian Woodall, Japan Under Construction; and Mark Tilton, Restrained Trade in the Journal of Politics (August 1997).
• Book Review of Henry Bienen, ed., Power, Economics, and Security: The United States and Japan in Focus in the Journal of Asian Studies 52:2 (May 1993).

Opinion and Analysis for a General Audience

• "Engaging China and India: An Economic Agenda for Japan and the United States (A Binational Study Group Report)—I served as primary author of this document which grew out of a series of two conferences organized by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, The Pacific Council on International Policy, and the Japan Economic Foundation, released in October 2006.
• "Testimony before the House Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific,” April 20, 2005.
• "Long-term Strategy Needed for Mounting Issues: A Labor Market Big Bang," Daily Yomiuri, April 6, 2004.
• (Version of this article that appeared in Japanese in the Yomiuri Shimbun on April 3, 2004).
• “Car Fixation Shouldn’t Determine Plans,” Daily Progress (Charlottesville), July 30, 2003, p. B8.
• “Interview/Leonard Schoppa: Economically Weak Japan Still Has Role to Play,” asahi.com, April 22, 2002.
• (Version of this article that appeared in Japanese in the Asahi Shimbun on April 4, 2002).
• “Ignite Japan's Service Sector,” Japan Times, August 5, 2001 (with Herman Schwartz).
• “Voters Face Complex Choices at Polls,” Daily Yomiuri, July 27, 2001.
• “'GI Bill' Needed for Corporate Japan,” Daily Yomiuri, July 14, 2001.
• “On a Collision Course With Japan,” Chicago Tribune, June 2, 1995 (with Herman Schwartz).
• “Views from the Inside: Mansfield Fellows Evaluate Popular Commentary on Japanese Politics,” Asia Perspectives 1:2 (December 1998), pp. 4-20.
• “Testimony Before the House Committee on International Relations, Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific,” October 30, 1995.

In Progress

• “Path Dependence and the Evolution of the Party System Since 1993,” a paper presented at the meeting of the International Political Science Association in Fukuoka, Japan, July 2006.
• “Exit, Voice, and Women’s Movements in an Era of Low Fertility,” a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in Washington, DC, on September 1-4, 2005.
• “Gaiatsu, Learning, and Japan’s Emerging Economic Liberalism,” a paper being revised for submission to an IR journal. This paper examines how earlier periods of American pressure led Japanese elites to adopt a defensive strategy of embracing WTO and OECD multilateralism which has, over time, led to an internalization of liberal economic norms among Japanese economic elites.

FELLOWSHIPS

• Center for Global Partnership Book Project Grant (2004-2005), administered by the Japan Foundation and providing support for three months writing time in the summer of 2004 and a conference in October on the topic of my Race for the Exits book project.
• Japan Foundation Short-term Research Grant (2002), administered by the Japan Foundation and providing support for three weeks of research in Tokyo.
• Fulbright Research Fellowship (2000-01), administered and funded by the Japan-U.S. Educational Commission and the Council for International Educational Exchange and providing full support for an academic year to allow focused work on research and writing.
• Abe Fellowship (1993-94), administered by the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies and funded by the Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership and providing full support for an academic year to allow focused work on research and writing.
• Reischauer Institute Post-Doctoral Fellowship (1989-90), awarded by the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, Harvard University and providing full support for an academic year to allow a concentrated post-doctoral year to work on research and writing.
• Rhodes Scholarship (1985-88), awarded by the Rhodes Trust, Oxford University, and providing full support for three years of graduate study and travel funds for fieldwork in Japan.
• University of Virginia Summer Research Grant (1992, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006), awarded by the University of Virginia in support of summer research projects.
• Sesquicentennial Fellowship (1994, 2000, 2007), awarded by the University of Virginia and providing a semester off from teaching to allow focused work on research.
• Northeast Asian Council Short-term Travel Grant (1992, 1999), awarded by the Association for Asian Studies Northeast Asian Council.
• Weedon Foundation Travel Grant (1992, 1996, 2007), awarded by the Weedon Fund based at the University of Virginia.
• Bankard Fund for Political Economy Grant (1999), awarded by the Bankard Fund based at the University of Virginia.

MANUSCRIPT REVIEWS FOR:

International Organization, Comparative Politics, Comparative Political Studies, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Politics, Perspectives on Politics, Review of International Political Economy, Polity, Asian Survey, Journal of Gender Studies, Japanese Journal of Political Science, Cornell University Press, Columbia University Press, Stanford University Press, Oxford University Press, University of Michigan Press, University of Hawaii Press, Lynne Reiner, Congressional Quarterly Press, and Routledge.

PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS (in chronological order / since 2001)

• “The Consequences of ‘Sticky Voting’ in Mixed-Member Electoral Systems,” revised version of 1998 APSA paper (co-authored with Karen Cox) presented at the University of Tokyo Institute of Social Science in February 2001.
• “Domestic Politics,” a paper presented at a book conference on U.S.-Japan Relations in a Changing World (looking back at the 50 years since the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty) organized by Steve Vogel in Berkeley, January 2001.
• “Japan's Response to its Declining Fertility Problem: the Role of Exit and Voice,” a talk presented at the International Christian University in Mitaka and the Univeristy of Tokyo Komaba Campus, both in May 2001, and again at Sophia University in Tokyo in December 2002.
• “Japanese Trade Policy in Reaction to U.S. Pressure: the Long-term Effects of Efforts to Deflect Bilateral Demands,” paper prepared for the a symposium on “Japan and the Transformation of the International Order,” organized by Nobuhiro Hiwatari of the University of Tokyo in March 2001 and again at a second meeting of the symposium group in Tokyo in December 2002.
• Speaker on a Panel on Domestic Politics at the conference in San Francisco commemorating the 50^th anniversary of the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, September 2001.
• “International Cooperation Despite Domestic Conflict: Japanese Politics and the San Francisco Treaties,” paper presented at the International Studies Association annual meeting in New Orleans, March 2002.
• “Japan’s Domestic Politics and Its National Identity,” talk presented at a conference organized by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State, April 2002.
• “Japanese Politics and Economic Reform: Why Haven’t Politicians Taken a Lead in Fixing Such Dire Problems,” talk at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, May 2002.
• “Tensions in the Japanese Party System: How Will They Affect Bilateral Economic and Security Relations,” talk organized by the Japan Information Access Project in Washington, May 2002.
• “A Tale of Two Identity Crises: Why Japan’s Approach to International Affairs Isn’t Changing (While America’s Is),” talk at the Foreign Policy Research Institute in Philadelphia, October 2002.
• “Exit, Voice, and Family Policy: Explaining the Uneven Pace of Reform,” talks presented at the University of Pennsylvania in October 2002, at Columbia University in April 2003, and at the University of Michigan in September 2003.
• “Japan’s Demographic Challenge: Can It Remain a Great Power?” talk at the Keizai Koho Center in Washington, January 2003.
• “Neoliberal Economic Policy Preferences of the ‘New Left’: Home-Grown or Anglo-American Import?” paper presented at a Festschrift book conference in honor of Prof. Arthur Stockwin (Oxford), organized by Rikki Kersten and David Williams and held in Leiden, the Netherlands in June 2003.
• “The Heisei Generation: Voters and Political Elites Between Ages 30 and 50,” talk presented at a conference organized by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State, August 2003.
• “Exit, Voice, and Family Policy: Japan’s Efforts to Convince Women to Work and Have Children Too,” talks presented at Harvard University and MIT in October 2003 and again to the Washington and Southeast Regional Japan Seminar in April 2004.
• “Exit, Voice, and Economic Reform: Why We Haven’t Seen a Concerted Reform Movement Despite the Prolonged Period of Economic Stagnation,” talk at the International Monetary Fund, October 2003.
• “A Long Term Strategy for Coping with an Aging Society: Calling for a Labor Market ‘Big Bang,’” invited lecture in Tokyo as part of a symposium organized by the Yomiuri newspaper company, March 24, 2004.
• “Political Implication of Public Debt Crisis Scenarios,” talk presented at a State Department-organized conference in Washington, DC, September 13, 2004.
• “Japanese Politics and Policy in an Era of Fiscal Stress,” talk presented at Columbia University, October 14, 2004.
• “Exit, Voice, and Family Policy,” talk presented at the University of Illinois, March 4, 2005.
• “Taking Exit and Voice Seriously: Explaining the Pattern of Japan’s Economic and Social Policy Reforms,” talk presented at Cornell University, March 8, 2005.
• “Can Japan Continue Expanding its Defense Role through Salami-Slice Tactics?” talk presented at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, June 10, 2005.
• “Exit, Voice, and Women’s Movements in an Era of Low Fertility,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association in Washington, DC, September 1-4, 2005.
• “The Trajectory of Japanese Politics after the 9/11 Election,” lecture delivered at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, October 2005.
• “The Rise of National Sentiments in Japan,” talk presented at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, November 3, 2005.
• “Exit, Voice, and Reform of Male Breadwinner Social Structures: Low Fertility Equilibrium in Japan and Italy,” paper delivered at the University of Delaware, March 6, 2006; at the University of Washington, November 13, 2006; and again at the University of Pittsburgh, October 8, 2007.
• “Japan’s Grand Strategy: Still Relying on the US After All of These Years,” lecture for Seminar XXI: US National Security Policy (short course for US government personnel), organized by Bob Art at Airlie House, VA, April 28-30, 2006.
• “The Koizumi Succession in Historical Context,” paper presented at the Center for Strategic and International Studies’ Panel on Considering a Post-Koizumi Japan in Washington, DC, May 31, 2006.
• “Path Dependence and the Evolution of Japan’s Party System Since 1993,” paper presented at the tri-annual meeting of the International Political Science Association in Fukuoka, Japan, July 11, 2006.
• “Japan: The State Of Politics and Prospects for Economic Policy,” comments prepared for a seminar at the State Department in Washington, DC, on the incoming Abe cabinet, September 12, 2006.
• “Race for the Exits: The Unraveling of Japan’s System of Social Protection,” book promotion talk at Oxford University as part of the Nissan Institute 25^th Anniversary Celebration, September 22, 2006.
• “After Koizumi: Where Will Prime Minister Abe Lead Japan,” lecture for the Japan-America Society of Dallas/Fort Worth in Dallas, November 17, 2006.
• “Japan: The Abe Administration” comments prepared for a State Department conference on this topic, November 20, 2006.
• “Japanese Nationalist Resurgence or Populist Politics?” comments on a panel on changes in regional political relations at the 4^th Annual Meeting of the US-Asia Pacific Council, organized by the East-West Center in Washington, DC, November 30, 2006.
• “The Japanese Economy before and after the Lost Decade,” lecture delivered to Robin White’s class at the State Department Foreign Service Institute, February 15, 2007.
• “Gaiatsu, Learning, and Japan’s Emerging Economic Liberalism,” paper presented at the Yale University Conference on Japan and the World, March 9-10, 2007.
• Delivered prepared comments for the Yomiuri International Symposium on “Japan’s Decision: Social Security and Public Finance” in Tokyo, September 14, 2007.
• “Exit, Voice, and Reform of Male Breadwinner Social Structures: Low Fertility Equilibrium in Japan and Italy,” paper delivered at the University of Pittsburgh, October 8, 2007.
• “The Nationalists’ Dilemma,” paper presented at a conference on “Japan’s New Nationalism: How Japan’s National Identity is Changing at Home and Abroad,” organized by Thomas Berger and Jim Hollifield and hosted at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, February 1, 2008.
• “The Japanese Economy before and after the Lost Decade,” lecture delivered to Robin White’s class at the State Department Foreign Service Institute, March 6, 2008.
• Discussant on panel “What’s Left? What’s Right? Social Movements and Politics in Contemporary Japan” at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Atlanta, April 5, 2008.
• Panelist for a Symposium on “Japan’s Declining Population: Clearly a Problem, but What’s the Solution,” organized by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Asia Program, April 24, 2008.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE

• Japan Foundation American Advisory Committee member, 2004-present.
• Head of the Japan Political Studies Group (2002-2007)—JPSG is a group of approximately 300 political scientists with an interest in Japanese politics that sponsors panels at Association for Asian Studies and American Political Science Association Meetings and maintains JP-Central, a website with information on Japanese politics (jpcentral.virginia.edu).
• Chair of the American Fulbright selection committee for Japan / Korea Research Grants in Fall 2006; Served as a member of this committee in 2004 and 2005 as well.
• Japanese Fulbright interview and selection committee, October 1993 and December 2000.
• Faculty Mentor for the Social Science Research Council’s Japanese Studies Dissertation Workshops held over five-day periods in 2002 and 2003.
• Screener for the Social Science Research Council's International Fieldwork Dissertation Fellowships, 19